下面的文档取自Trac官方的安装文档，内容很多。特定于MySQL数据库作了简化.
1. Trac简介以及系统依赖:
Trac is written in the Python programming language and needs a database, SQLite, PostgreSQL, or MySQL. For HTML rendering, Trac uses the Genshi templating system.
2. Trac本地化:
Since version 0.12, Trac can also be localized, and there’s probably a translation available for your language. If you want to be able to use the Trac interface in other languages, then make sure you first have installed the optional package Babel. Lacking Babel, you will only get the default english version, as usual. If you install Babel later on, you will need to re-install Trac.
3. 参与Trac的本地化翻译工作
If you’re interested in contributing new translations for other languages or enhance the existing translations, then please have a look at TracL10N.
What follows are generic instructions for installing and setting up Trac and its requirements. While you may find instructions for installing Trac on specific systems at TracInstallPlatforms on the main Trac site, please be sure to first read through these general instructions to get a good understanding of the tasks involved.
安装步骤
系统依赖
必须满足的系统依赖
To install Trac, the following software packages must be installed:
- Python, version >= 2.4 and < 3.0 (note that we dropped the support for Python 2.3 in this release)
- setuptools, version >= 0.6
- Genshi, version >= 0.6
You also need a database system and the corresponding python bindings. The database can be either SQLite, PostgreSQL or MySQL.
MySQL数据库
Trac can now work quite well with MySQL, provided you follow the guidelines.
- MySQL, version 5.0 or later
- MySQLdb, version 1.2.2 or later
It is very important to read carefully the MySqlDb page before creating the database.
可选的系统依赖
版本控制系统
Subversion
- Subversion, 1.5.x or 1.6.x and the corresponding Python bindings. Older versions starting from 1.0, like 1.2.4, 1.3.2 or 1.4.2, etc. should still work. For troubleshooting information, check the TracSubversion page.
There are pre-compiled SWIG bindings available for various platforms. (Good luck finding precompiled SWIG bindings for any Windows package at that listing. TracSubversion points you to Algazam, which works for me under Python 2.6.)
Note that Trac doesn’t use PySVN, neither does it work yet with the newer ctype-style bindings. [Is there a ticket for implementing ctype bindings?]
Please note: if using Subversion, Trac must be installed on the same machine. Remote repositories are currently not supported.
Others
Support for other version control systems is provided via third-parties. See PluginList and VersioningSystemBackend.
Web服务器
A web server is optional because Trac is shipped with a server included, see the Running the Standalone Server section below.
Alternatively you configure Trac to run in any of the following environments.
- Apache with
- mod_wsgi, see TracModWSGI and http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/wiki/IntegrationWithTrac
- mod_python 3.3.1, deprecated: see TracModPython)
- a FastCGI-capable web server (see TracFastCgi)
- an AJP-capable web server (see TracOnWindowsIisAjp)
- a CGI-capable web server (see TracCgi), but usage of Trac as a cgi script is highly discouraged, better use one of the previous options.
其它的 Python 包
- Babel, version >= 0.9.5, needed for localization support
Note: If you want to be able to use the Trac interface in other languages, then make sure you first have installed the optional package Babel. Lacking Babel, you will only get the default english version, as usual. If you install Babel later on, you will need to re-install Trac. - docutils, version >= 0.3.9 for WikiRestructuredText.
- Pygments for syntax highlighting. SilverCity and/or Enscript may still be used but are deprecated and you really should be using Pygments.
- pytz to get a complete list of time zones, otherwise Trac will fall back on a shorter list from an internal time zone implementation.
Attention: The various available versions of these dependencies are not necessarily interchangable, so please pay attention to the version numbers above. If you are having trouble getting Trac to work please double-check all the dependencies before asking for help on the MailingList or IrcChannel.
Please refer to the documentation of these packages to find out how they are best installed. In addition, most of the platform-specific instructions also describe the installation of the dependencies. Keep in mind however that the information there probably concern older versions of Trac than the one you’re installing (there are even some pages that are still talking about Trac 0.8!).
安装 Trac
使用easy_install
One way to install Trac is using setuptools. With setuptools you can install Trac from the subversion repository;
A few examples:
- install Trac 0.12:
easy_install Trac==0.12
- install latest development version 0.12dev:
easy_install Trac==dev
Note that in this case you won’t have the possibility to run a localized version of Trac; either use a released version or install from source
使用 pip
‘pip’ is an easy_install replacement that is very useful to quickly install python packages. To get a trac installation up and running in less than 5 minutes:
Assuming you want to have your entire pip installation in /opt/user/trac
-
pip -E /opt/user/trac install trac psycopg2
or
-
pip -E /opt/user/trac install trac mysql-python
Make sure your OS specific headers are available for pip to automatically build PostgreSQL (libpq-dev) or MySQL (libmysqlclient-dev) bindings.
pip will automatically resolve all dependencies (like Genshi, pygments, etc.) and download the latest packages on pypi.python.org and create a self contained installation in /opt/user/trac
All commands (tracd, trac-admin) are available in /opt/user/trac/bin . This can also be leveraged for mod_python (using PythonHandler? directive) and mod_wsgi (using WSGIDaemonProcess directive)
Additionally, you can install several trac plugins (listed here) through pip.
基于源码安装
Of course, using the python-typical setup at the top of the source directory also works.
You can obtain the source for a .tar.gz or .zip file corresponding to a release (e.g. Trac-0.12.tar.gz), or you can get the source directly from the repository (see SubversionRepository for details).
$ python ./setup.py install
You’ll need root permissions or equivalent for this step.
This will byte-compile the python source code and install it as an .egg file or folder in the site-packages directory of your Python installation. The .egg will also contain all other resources needed by standard Trac, such as htdocs and templates.
The script will also install the trac-admin command-line tool, used to create and maintain project environments, as well as the tracd standalone server.
If you install from source and want to make Trac available in other languages, make sure Babel is installed. Only then, perform the install (or simply redo the install once again afterwards if you realize Babel was not yet installed):
$ python ./setup.py install
Alternatively, you can do a bdist_egg and copy the .egg from dist/ to the place of your choice, or you can create a Windows installer (bdist_wininst).
高级选项
To install Trac to a custom location, or find out about other advanced installation options, run:
easy_install --help
Also see Installing Python Modules for detailed information.
Specifically, you might be interested in:
easy_install --prefix=/path/to/installdir
or, if installing Trac to a Mac OS X system:
easy_install --prefix=/usr/local --install-dir=/Library/Python/2.5/site-packages
Note: If installing on Mac OS X 10.6 running easy_install http://svn.edgewall.org/repos/trac/trunk will install into /usr/local and /Library/Python/2.6/site-packages by default
The above will place your tracd and trac-admin commands into /usr/local/bin and will install the Trac libraries and dependencies into /Library/Python/2.5/site-packages, which is Apple’s preferred location for third-party Python application installations.
生成一个项目环境
A Trac environment is the backend storage where Trac stores information like wiki pages, tickets, reports, settings, etc. An environment is basically a directory that contains a human-readable configuration file, and various other files and directories.
A new environment is created using trac-admin:
$ trac-admin /path/to/myproject initenv
trac-admin will prompt you for the information it needs to create the environment, such as the name of the project and the database connection string. If you’re not sure what to specify for one of these options, just press <Enter> to use the default value.
Using the default database connection string in particular will always work as long as you have SQLite installed. For the other database backends you should plan ahead and already have a database ready to use at this point.
Since 0.12, Trac doesn’t ask for a source code repository anymore when creating an environment. Repositories can be added afterward, or the version control support can be disabled completely if you don’t need it.
Also note that the values you specify here can be changed later by directly editing the conf/trac.ini configuration file.
Finally, make sure the user account under which the web front-end runs will have write permissions to the environment directory and all the files inside. This will be the case if you run trac-admin ... initenv as this user. If not, you should set the correct user afterwards. For example on Linux, with the web server running as user apache and group apache, enter:
# chown -R apache.apache /path/to/myproject
运行内置的Trac服务器
After having created a Trac environment, you can easily try the web interface by running the standalone server tracd:
$ tracd --port 8000 /path/to/myproject
Then, fire up a browser and visit http://localhost:8000/. You should get a simple listing of all environments that tracd knows about. Follow the link to the environment you just created, and you should see Trac in action. If you only plan on managing a single project with Trac you can have the standalone server skip the environment list by starting it like this:
$ tracd -s --port 8000 /path/to/myproject
在Web服务器上运行Trac
Trac provides various options for connecting to a “real” web server: CGI, FastCGI, mod_wsgi and mod_python. For decent performance, it is recommended that you use either FastCGI or mod_wsgi.
Trac also supports AJP which may be your choice if you want to connect to IIS.
生成Trac cgi-bin 目录
In order for Trac to function properly with FastCGI you need to have a trac.fcgi file and for mod_wsgi a trac.wsgi file. These are Python scripts which load the appropriate Python code. They can be generated using the deploy option of trac-admin.
There is, however, a bit of a chicken-and-egg problem. The trac-admin command requires an existing environment to function, but complains if the deploy directory already exists. This is a problem, because environments are often stored in a subdirectory of the deploy. The solution is to do something like this:
mkdir -p /usr/share/trac/projects/my-project trac-admin /usr/share/trac/projects/my-project initenv trac-admin /usr/share/trac/projects/my-project deploy /tmp/deploy mv /tmp/deploy/* /usr/share/trac
安装 Cache 插件
Some Python plugins need to be extracted to a cache directory. By default the cache resides in the home directory of the current user. When running Trac on a Web Server as a dedicated user (which is highly recommended) who has no home directory, this might prevent the plugins from starting. To override the cache location you can set the PYTHON_EGG_CACHE environment variable. Refer to your server documentation for detailed instructions on how to set environment variables.
配置安全认证
The process of adding, removing, and configuring user accounts for authentication depends on the specific way you run Trac. The basic procedure is described in the Adding Authentication section on the TracCgi page. To learn how to setup authentication for the frontend you’re using, please refer to one of the following pages:
- TracStandalone if you use the standalone server, tracd.
- TracCgi if you use the CGI or FastCGI web front ends.
- TracModWSGI if you use the Apache mod_wsgi web front end.
- TracModPython if you use the Apache mod_python web front end.
在Trac tickets中自动映射SVN变更
You can configure SVN to automatically add a reference to the changeset into the ticket comments, whenever changes are committed to the repository. The description of the commit needs to contain one of the following formulas:
- Refs #123 – to reference this changeset in #123 ticket
- Fixes #123 – to reference this changeset and close #123 ticket with the default status fixed
This functionality requires a post-commit hook to be installed as described in TracRepositoryAdmin, and enabling the optional commit updater components by adding the following line to the [components] section of your trac.ini, or enabling the components in the “Plugins” admin panel.
tracopt.ticket.commit_updater.* = enabled
For more information, see the documentation of the CommitTicketUpdater component in the “Plugins” admin panel.
使用Trac
Once you have your Trac site up and running, you should be able to create tickets, view the timeline, browse your version control repository if configured, etc.
Keep in mind that anonymous (not logged in) users can by default access most but not all of the features. You will need to configure authentication and grant additional permissions to authenticated users to see the full set of features.
Enjoy!
本站原创文章，转载请注明出处。